A dental inlay is a custom-fabricated indirect restoration designed to repair teeth with moderate decay, fractured cusps, or large existing fillings (too big for direct composite/resin fillings) while preserving healthy tooth structure. Unlike onlays (which cover one or more cusps), inlays fit within the tooth's mesial, distal, and occlusal pits and fissures-confined to the tooth's inner "pulp chamber-free" areas.
Common materials include porcelain, lithium disilicate, ceramic, and gold alloys. Porcelain/ceramic inlays offer excellent esthetics (matching natural tooth color) and biocompatibility, making them ideal for visible anterior/posterior teeth. Gold alloys, though less aesthetic, provide superior durability, wear resistance, and longevity (often 10–15 years).
The fabrication process involves two main visits: First, the dentist removes decay/damaged tissue, cleans the preparation, takes a digital/physical impression, and places a temporary restoration to protect the tooth. The impression is sent to a dental lab, where the inlay is milled or cast to precise dimensions. At the second visit, the dentist checks fit, adjusts occlusion, etches the tooth surface (for bonding), and cements the inlay with biocompatible adhesive.
Key advantages include better structural integrity than direct fillings (resisting fracture under chewing forces), reduced risk of secondary decay (tight marginal seal), and minimal tooth reduction. Proper maintenance-regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups-ensures inlays remain functional long-term. They are contraindicated for teeth with severe decay, pulp exposure, or insufficient healthy structure to support the restoration.