A screw-retained implant is a type of dental implant restoration where the crown is secured to the implant abutment or fixture using a specialized central screw. This design relies on mechanical fixation, making it highly stable-ideal for areas with high biting forces (e.g., posterior teeth).
Key components include the central screw (custom-matched to the implant brand/model, not interchangeable) and an occlusal access hole in the crown (through which the screw is inserted/tightened). Post-placement, the access hole is often sealed with a resin filling or screw cap to prevent food debris accumulation and maintain aesthetics.
A major advantage is its retrievability: the screw can be loosened to remove the crown for maintenance (e.g., cleaning implant surfaces, adjusting occlusion) without damaging the restoration. However, proper torque control during placement is critical-over-tightening may fracture the screw, while under-tightening risks crown loosening.
It is commonly preferred for patients with limited vertical space or those needing frequent post-op adjustments, though the access hole may slightly affect anterior teeth aesthetics compared to cement-retained alternatives.